## Company Profile Sealand Shipping and Inland Services Limited — Ghana-based freight forwarder and inland logistics provider. Offers sea and air freight forwarding, customs clearance, warehousing, inland trucking and project cargo services; operates out of Tema/Takoradi gateways and serves importers and exporters across Ghana. Director: R. Gaisie (contact: rgaisie@sealandltd.com). Public website: https://www.sealandltd.com/. Scale not publicly stated; positioned as a local forwarder handling containerized imports/exports, vehicle imports (DVLA interactions) and agricultural commodity shipments. ## Pain Points 1) ICUMS instability & clearance holds — frequent unplanned downtimes and automatic flags (payment/reference mismatches) causing delayed customs release, demurrage, and client disputes. 2) Documentation & compliance triggers — HS classification, valuation mismatches, and DVLA steps for vehicles cause manual reviews and multi‑day delays. 3) Landside/trucking and hub schedule risk — Tema’s port capacity is improved but trucking shortages, road congestion and upstream transshipment unreliability (Red Sea diversions, bunching at Algeciras/Tanger Med) create door‑to‑door delays and higher costs. ## Intel Summary === MULTI-DIMENSION RESEARCH === === 1. COMMODITY TRENDS – GHANA COCOA, CASHEW, PALM OIL EXPORTS & RICE/WHEAT IMPORTS INTO 2026 === **Macro food trade balance & import dependence** - Ghana Statistical Service data for 2024 show that **over 50% of Ghana’s food consumption value was supplied by imports**; food imports jumped by **GH₵12.2bn between 2023–2024**, with rice alone accounting for roughly **7.8% of food import value** (semi/wholly milled + broken rice ≈ GH₵3.05bn). Over **53% of food imports came from just three supplier countries**, indicating concentrated origin risk. ([fab-westafrica.com](https://www.fab-westafrica.com/over-half-of-ghanas-food-in-2024-was-imported-ghanian-statistical-service-?utm_source=openai)) **Rice & wheat staple import outlook (MY 2025/26 = 2025–2026)** USDA FAS “Grain and Feed Annual – Ghana” (Mar 2026, Accra Post) projects: ([apps.fas.usda.gov](https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Grain+and+Feed+Annual_Accra_Ghana_GH2025-0012.pdf&utm_source=openai)) - **Wheat imports** MY 2025/26 forecast at **1.0 MMT**, up **5%** from MY 2024/25 estimate of **950,000 t**, driven by population growth and continued strong demand for bread, pasta and noodles despite high prices. - Ghana has negligible wheat production; imports are structurally required. Key origins in recent years: **Russia, Canada, EU, US**, with some diversification into Black Sea suppliers as price arbitrage shifts. (Directionally inferred from prior years’ trade patterns in the same report.) ([apps.fas.usda.gov](https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Grain+and+Feed+Annual_Accra_Ghana_GH2025-0012.pdf&utm_source=openai)) - **Rice**: MY 2025/26 domestic milled rice production is projected to recover from prior-season weather-related shortfalls, but **importers are expected to benefit from government import incentives to boost domestic supply**, so **rice imports remain elevated** rather than structurally declining. ([apps.fas.usda.gov](https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Grain+and+Feed+Annual_Accra_Ghana_GH2025-0012.pdf&utm_source=openai)) - Ghana’s food inflation remains high at **28.1% in Feb 2025** (down slightly from 28.3% in Jan 2025), keeping pressure on importers and consumers; staple grain import costs remain highly sensitive to FX and world prices. ([apps.fas.usda.gov](https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Grain+and+Feed+Annual_Accra_Ghana_GH2025-0012&utm_source=openai)) **Cocoa export context into 2026** - Global cocoa market: after extreme spikes in 2024–early 2025 (NY futures briefly above **$12,000/t**), prices have corrected but remain historically high. Recent analysis notes a “fragile market reset” with futures at **21‑month lows** by late 2025, shifting from extreme backwardation to mild contango – implying near‑term supply tightness is easing but prices are still elevated relative to pre‑2023 norms. ([reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/SustainableCocoa/comments/1p97w3u/cocoa_market_reset_supply_stabilises_demand/?utm_source=openai)) - Côte d’Ivoire arrivals in 2025/26 have recovered to **~1.446m t by 5 April 2026**, slightly above last year; this eases regional supply pressure but quality and logistics constraints remain. This indirectly affects Ghana by moderating global price extremes while keeping floor prices high. ([reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/SustainableCocoa/comments/1sje5ix/c%C3%B4te_divoires_recovery_is_easing_the_cocoa/?utm_source=openai)) - For Ghana specifically, public 2025/26 tonnage projections are still volatile; however, with both Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire recovering from disease and weather shocks, most outlooks (e.g., multi‑commodity 2026 outlooks) expect **continued tight but improving cocoa supply and still‑supportive prices in 2026**, especially given EUDR implementation now delayed to **Dec 2026 for large firms** which softens immediate compliance pressure on origin countries. ([cms.ic.africa](https://cms.ic.africa/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2026_Commodities_Outlook_25.11.2025_1_.pdf?utm_source=openai)) **Implications for Ghana in 2026:** - **Export revenues**: Even if Ghana’s 2025/26 export volumes are only modestly higher than 2024/25, **elevated world prices sustain high cocoa export earnings into 2026**, improving FX inflows but also raising pressure to share benefits with farmers (farm‑gate prices) and to invest in rehabilitation. - **Demand side**: Some grindings demand destruction has occurred globally at very high price levels, but demand has not collapsed; chocolate manufacturers have been reformulating and down‑sizing portions rather than exiting cocoa, so Ghana’s medium‑term export demand remains solid. ([cms.ic.africa](https://cms.ic.africa/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2026_Commodities_Outlook_25.11.2025_1_.pdf?utm_source=openai)) **Cashew export trends** - Recent Ghana‑specific 2026‑dated quantitative cashew forecasts are scarce in the last 90 days, but regional reports consistently highlight West Africa (Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria) as supplying **over 45–50% of global raw cashew nut (RCN) exports**, with Ghana a mid‑tier but growing exporter. (Based on regional trade studies up to 2025; directionally extrapolated.) - For 2026, key themes raised in regional outlooks: - **More RCN flows to Asian processors (India, Vietnam)** as global shelling capacity remains concentrated there; - **Price pressure from larger Ivorian crops** and variability in Nigerian output; - Growing interest in **Ghanaian domestic processing**, but capacity remains limited relative to production, so **most Ghanaian RCN still exported raw**, meaning export earnings are highly exposed to global RCN price cycles. *(Because hard 2026 Ghana‑specific cashew tonnage is not yet published in the window searched, these points should be treated as directional rather than precise.)* **Palm oil export / import dynamics** - Ghana both **produces and imports** palm oil. Regional commodity outlooks for 2026 emphasize that EU and UK **deforestation‑linked commodity rules (including palm oil) are tightening**, but with EUDR full implementation shifted back to **Dec 2026**, short‑term export disruption risk is lower; instead, pressure is building to **improve traceability and land‑use documentation** by late 2026. ([cms.ic.africa](https://cms.ic.africa/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2026_Commodities_Outlook_25.11.2025_1_.pdf?utm_source=openai)) - For Ghana, which is a smaller player compared with Indonesia or Malaysia, near‑term price and margin drivers are: - Imported palm olein prices (Asia → West Africa) feeding into domestic edible oil prices; - Local production constraints (yield gaps on smallholder plantations, fertilizer costs); - Currency depreciation, which raises local‑currency prices even when dollar FOB prices soften. - Overall 2026 view: **moderately firm but less extreme palm oil prices than 2022–23**, but with added regulatory risk from EU/UK market access conditions for any export volumes destined there. ([cms.ic.africa](https://cms.ic.africa/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2026_Commodities_Outlook_25.11.2025_1_.pdf?utm_source=openai)) **Origin diversification – imports** - Ghana’s heavy reliance on a few origins for key foods (especially rice, poultry, wheat flour, edible oils) is highlighted by GSS data showing **>53% of 2024 food imports from three countries**. ([fab-westafrica.com](https://www.fab-westafrica.com/over-half-of-ghanas-food-in-2024-was-imported-ghanian-statistical-service-?utm_source=openai)) - Policy direction: - Short term (into 2026): **continued use of import incentives** (e.g., duty relief or FX prioritization for rice) to secure supply and curb inflation, meaning **no dramatic cut in rice and wheat import volumes** over the 2025/26 horizon. ([apps.fas.usda.gov](https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Grain+and+Feed+Annual_Accra_Ghana_GH2025-0012.pdf&utm_source=openai)) - Medium term: government still promotes local rice and maize under various productivity programs, but these won’t remove import dependence by 2026. **Key price/supply tensions into 2026** - **Upward pressure factors**: - Persistent food inflation and cedi volatility; - Cocoa and vegetable oil markets that, while off their peaks, remain well above 2015–2020 average price bands; - Shipping disruptions (Red Sea/Gulf diversions) that raise freight costs from Asia and Europe into West Africa. ([reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/zim/comments/1p6jo8v/freightos_weekly_update_november_25_2025_excerpt/?utm_source=openai)) - **Downward/mitigating factors**: - Recovery in regional cocoa and cashew production; - Stabilizing global grains markets compared with 2022–23; - Government incentives for staple imports to avoid domestic shortages. ([apps.fas.usda.gov](https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Grain+and+Feed+Annual_Accra_Ghana_GH2025-0012.pdf&utm_source=openai)) **Net 2026 picture:** - Ghana remains **export‑long cocoa (and to a lesser extent cashew and palm derivatives)** while **import‑dependant for rice, wheat and several animal proteins**. - 2026 is shaping up as a period of **structurally high but somewhat less volatile prices** versus 2024, with **continued FX and logistics‑related price transmission to Ghana’s domestic market**. Sources for this section: ([fab-westafrica.com](https://www.fab-westafrica.com/over-half-of-ghanas-food-in-2024-was-imported-ghanian-statistical-service-?utm_source=openai)) === 2. MARKET EVENTS – WEST AFRICA CONTAINER SHIPPING & GHANA PORTS 2026 === **New / adjusted deep‑sea and regional services touching Tema & Takoradi (2025–2026)** - **ONE / HMM MAX / MA2 service (Mediterranean – West Africa)**: - Announced April 16, 2026; starts **July 2026**. - Weekly loop with **five ~2,800 TEU ships**. - Rotation: **Algeciras – Tanger Med – Dakar – Tema – Lekki – Abidjan – Algeciras**. - Strategy: push more volumes via **Algeciras as a transshipment hub**; expected to strengthen Med / North Europe / Asia connectivity into Ghana’s Tema. ([container-mag.com](https://container-mag.com/update/one-launches-max-service-linking-far-east-and-west-africa-via-algeciras?utm_source=openai)) - **COSCO / OOCL MWAX service adjustment (Mediterranean – West Africa)**: - Announced March 2026. - Service rotation adjusted; **Tema remains a key call**, while **Conakry is shifted to a dedicated African feeder network via transshipment hubs** to avoid disruption. - Shows carriers fine‑tuning **hub‑and‑spoke feeders vs direct calls** in the region. ([container-news.com](https://container-news.com/cosco-and-oocl-adjust-mwax-service/?utm_source=openai)) - **Maersk WAF6 Europe–West Africa service via Vado Gateway (Italy)**: - Launched March 2025, still relevant in 2026 network maps. - Weekly service linking **Vado Ligure** with “main ports of West Africa” (including major hubs; publicly available rotation lists WAF main ports rather than a precise schedule in the source). - Objective: strengthen Med–West Africa corridor, with Vado as sole Italian call and a rail‑connected gateway for North Italy cargo into West Africa. ([trasportoeuropa.it](https://www.trasportoeuropa.it/english/vado-gateway-opens-a-new-route-to-west-africa/?utm_source=openai)) - **Broader pattern from Dynamar’s “West Africa Container Trades 2026” (March 2026 industry study):** - Provides 2026 trade capacity distribution by West Africa country and an overview of **final transshipment hubs used for indirect services** into the region. - Highlights increased use of **Algeciras, Tanger Med, and some West African hubs (Lomé, Tema, Lekki) as transshipment platforms** for indirect strings. ([dynamar.com](https://dynamar.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/The-West-Africa-Container-Trades-2026-TOC.pdf?utm_source=openai)) **Transshipment hub dynamics & network structure (2026)** - Recent liner and consultancy commentary indicates: - **Algeciras and Tanger Med** are being reinforced as main **Mediterranean/Europe transshipment hubs** feeding West Africa (e.g., ONE/HMM MAX; COSCO/OOCL MWAX). ([container-news.com](https://container-news.com/cosco-and-oocl-adjust-mwax-service/?utm_source=openai)) - **Lekki (Nigeria)**, a deep‑water terminal opened in 2023, is gaining role as a **regional hub** with mother‑vessel calls and increasing feeder links to the rest of West Africa by 2026. ([container-mag.com](https://container-mag.com/update/one-launches-max-service-linking-far-east-and-west-africa-via-algeciras?utm_source=openai)) - An Ecofin analysis of 2025 volumes shows **Abidjan leading West Africa by total tonnage (46.6m t in 2025, +16.1% YoY)** but lagging **Lomé and Tema in containerized transshipment volumes**, which remain more hub‑oriented. This underscores Tema’s continued role as a **key container and transshipment port** rather than the absolute largest multipurpose port. ([ecofinagency.com](https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1702-52983-in-west-african-port-competition-abidjan-leads-on-volume-trails-lome-and-tema-on-containers?utm_source=openai)) **Port capacity and performance – Tema & Takoradi** - **Tema Port expansion**: - APM Terminals notes completion of Phases 1 & 2 of the Tema port expansion, commissioned **Nov 2025**, adding a **1.4 km quay with four deep berths** and equipment capable of handling vessels up to **18,000 TEU**. Tema is marketed as **“best performing container terminal/port in West and Central Africa”** by major lines. ([akamai.apmterminals.com](https://akamai.apmterminals.com/en/tema/?utm_source=openai)) - This capacity underpins the ability of Tema to host more mainline calls (e.g., MAX/MA2) and to serve as a **regional relay hub** for feeder services into smaller West African ports. - **Takoradi**: - Within the last 90‑day search window, there is limited new 2026‑specific container‑service news for Takoradi; it remains more focused on **bulk (bauxite, manganese, oil) and some container volumes**. Most incremental schedule changes in the period relate to the larger container hubs (Tema, Abidjan, Lomé, Lekki) rather than Takoradi. (Inference based on absence of fresh announcements in 2026 shipping news.) **Congestion & reliability trends** - Industry‑wide container shipping updates (Freightos, late 2025–early 2026) show: ([reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/zim/comments/1p6jo8v/freightos_weekly_update_november_25_2025_excerpt/?utm_source=openai)) - Global congestion pressure has shifted more to **Middle East / Indian transshipment hubs** due to Red Sea diversions, with less direct mention of West Africa congestion than during 2021–22 peaks. - However, as some vessels re‑route and carriers adjust networks, **bunching and schedule unreliability** at major hubs (including in Europe and the Med) can cascade into **West Africa service reliability** (late arrivals, blank sailings, bunching at Tema and other hubs). - Regional competition analysis (Ecofin, 2025 data) highlights: ([ecofinagency.com](https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1702-52983-in-west-african-port-competition-abidjan-leads-on-volume-trails-lome-and-tema-on-containers?utm_source=openai)) - **Lomé and Tema** have a stronger transshipment orientation (higher container transshipment ratios) than Abidjan, which has a broader base of conventional cargo. - Operational bottlenecks for inland flows (road congestion, limited rail connectivity) still affect hinterland cargo into/out of Tema and Abidjan – relevant for Ghana importers/exporters relying on trucking from Tema to Accra and beyond. **Net 2026 implications for Ghana shippers** - **More service options on Med–West Africa and Asia–West Africa routes** via: - New MAX/MA2 loop and adjusted MWAX. - Continuing WAF6 and other loops offering alternative European gateways (Algeciras, Tanger Med, Vado, Antwerp/Rotterdam via transshipment). ([container-news.com](https://container-news.com/cosco-and-oocl-adjust-mwax-service/?utm_source=openai)) - **Higher hub dependence**: a greater share of Ghana‑bound volume is **routed via large transshipment hubs** (Algeciras, Tanger Med, Lomé, Lekki), which: - Improves frequency and network coverage; - Increases exposure to upstream hub congestion, mis‑connections and feeder schedule slippage. - **Port‑side capacity at Tema is not the main constraint** (post‑expansion), but **landsidetransport, customs processes, and trucking availability** (see next section) remain key determinants of effective door‑to‑door transit times. Sources for this section: ([container-mag.com](https://container-mag.com/update/one-launches-max-service-linking-far-east-and-west-africa-via-algeciras?utm_source=openai)) === 3. PROBLEM FRAMING – FREIGHT FORWARDER CHALLENGES IN GHANA 2026 === **1) Customs digitalization & ICUMS performance** - Freight forwarder associations at Tema report **frequent and unannounced downtimes** of the Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS) since **March 2025**, calling the situation “untenable” and a serious threat to port efficiency. ([myjoyonline.com](https://www.myjoyonline.com/freight-forwarders-raise-alarm-over-frequent-icums-downtimes-at-tema-port/?utm_source=openai)) - Outages cause: - Delayed submission and processing of declarations; - Queueing in clearance; - Additional **demurrage and storage charges** for importers due to containers overstaying. - A Sept 2025 article notes **persistent ICUMS network disruptions** slowing port business, with freight forwarders urging government intervention. ([thechronicle.com.gh](https://thechronicle.com.gh/persistent-icums-network-disruptions-slowing-port-business-freight-forwarders/?utm_source=openai)) - Government stance: a 2025 report describes a high‑level meeting where the Trade Minister pressed the ICUMS operator (Ghana Link) to fix the platform by **October**; five years after its 2020 rollout, the system still generates tension between revenue authorities (who cite revenue gains) and traders (who cite operational disruptions). ([newsghana.com.gh](https://www.newsghana.com.gh/ghana-targets-october-fix-for-troubled-port-system/?utm_source=openai)) **Key pain points for forwarders:** - **System stability & predictability**: - ICUMS can be “fast and predictable” when fully functional and when documentation is correctly prepared, but **any data error triggers automatic flags and manual review**, disproportionately extending clearance times. - A 2026 operational guide for shippers into Tema emphasizes **payment/reference mismatches in ICUMS as a major cause of delays** and recommends pre‑review of all documentation with the local agent before shipment. ([wcshipping.com](https://www.wcshipping.com/blog/tema-motorcycle-customs-icums-dvla-delays?utm_source=openai)) - **Transaction costs**: - Outages and manual interventions translate into **extra terminal storage, demurrage, and truck waiting fees**. - For small and medium cargo owners using freight forwarders, these costs erode margins and create disputes over who bears delay‑related charges. ([thechronicle.com.gh](https://thechronicle.com.gh/persistent-icums-network-disruptions-slowing-port-business-freight-forwarders/?utm_source=openai)) **2) Documentation & compliance complexity** - Forwarders highlight **documentation discrepancies** (e.g., mismatched HS codes, valuation issues, incomplete permits) as top triggers for ICUMS holds. ([wcshipping.com](https://www.wcshipping.com/blog/tema-motorcycle-customs-icums-dvla-delays?utm_source=openai)) - Specific sectors (vehicles/motorcycles) require coordination with **DVLA**, adding an extra **2–5 days for clean units** and longer if re‑inspection or repairs are needed. This is a separate but critical phase after customs release, increasing dwell time at/around the port. ([wcshipping.com](https://www.wcshipping.com/blog/tema-motorcycle-customs-icums-dvla-delays?utm_source=openai)) - Compliance with evolving **valuation rules, risk‑management profiles, and post‑clearance audits** pushes freight forwarders to invest in: - Better training on HS classification; - Upfront client education on realistic duty and clearance timelines; - More robust record‑keeping to handle audits. **3) Local trucking & last‑mile constraints** - While there is limited quantitative trucking‑capacity data in the last 90 days, multiple Ghana and regional transport round‑ups stress: - **Road congestion and weak rail connectivity** around major ports (e.g., Tema, Abidjan) as chronic bottlenecks. ([ecofinagency.com](https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1702-52983-in-west-african-port-competition-abidjan-leads-on-volume-trails-lome-and-tema-on-containers?utm_source=openai)) - For Ghana specifically, freight forwarders often face: - Truck shortages during peak seasons (e.g., pre‑Christmas, peak crop exports); - Increased trucking tariffs linked to **fuel price volatility** and delays caused by roadworks and city congestion (inferred from regional transport commentary). - Net effect: even when vessel and port operations are smooth, **landsidetransit to Accra, Kumasi, and the northern corridor can be the critical path** for cargo delivery times. **4) Port reforms, cabotage, and regulatory uncertainty** - Ghana has not implemented a Brazil‑style cabotage closure, but there is ongoing discussion in West Africa about **protecting national coastal shipping and trucking markets**, which freight forwarders watch closely. Within our 90‑day search window, no new hard Ghana‑specific cabotage law changes were identified; however: - Regional trend pieces point to **greater scrutiny of foreign‑flagged coastal operations** and emphasis on using local trucking firms – reinforcing dependency on a fragmented domestic trucking market. (Inference based on regional transport law commentary.) - Earlier ICUMS implementation controversies (dating back to 2020) show a pattern: new reforms can be rolled out with **insufficient testing and stakeholder buy‑in**, leading to extended teething problems and emergency “fix” timelines; freight forwarders therefore perceive **policy risk** each time a new module or rule is announced. ([ghanaports.gov.gh](https://www.ghanaports.gov.gh/media/news-details/115/WYW25KTSUCK/GIFF-PREZ-URGES-IMPLEMENTATERS-OF-ICUMS-TO-GO-BACK-TO-DRAWING-BOARD-TO-ADDRESS-INEFFICIENCES?utm_source=openai)) **5) Operational risk profile for 2026** For a freight forwarder or cargo owner moving containers via Tema/Takoradi in 2026, key embedded risks are: 1. **Digital customs system risk (ICUMS)** - Probability: medium (given repeated 2025 incidents). - Impact: high on dwell time, demurrage, and client relationships. 2. **Documentation quality risk** - Probability: high where shippers are inexperienced or documentation is prepared offshore without local review. - Impact: medium–high via holds, manual review, DVLA delays (for vehicles), and potential penalties. ([wcshipping.com](https://www.wcshipping.com/blog/tema-motorcycle-customs-icums-dvla-delays?utm_source=openai)) 3. **Trucking & yard‑space constraints** - Probability: seasonal peaks; chronic road congestion. - Impact: medium–high via missed free‑time windows, rollover risks if boxes are not evacuated promptly. ([ecofinagency.com](https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1702-52983-in-west-african-port-competition-abidjan-leads-on-volume-trails-lome-and-tema-on-containers?utm_source=openai)) 4. **Schedule unreliability from upstream hubs** - Probability: elevated while Red Sea / Gulf security issues force network adjustments. - Impact: medium on inventory planning; can create bunching at Tema and strain on local handling and trucking. ([reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/zim/comments/1p6jo8v/freightos_weekly_update_november_25_2025_excerpt/?utm_source=openai)) **Practical framing for 2026 strategy** - For shippers and forwarders, the main levers to manage these challenges are: - **Pre‑clearance documentation checks** with Ghana‑based agents before cargo is loaded; - Building **buffer time** into supply chains for ICUMS disruptions and DVLA steps; - Negotiating **clear allocation of demurrage and storage risk** with clients in contracts; - Diversifying routings (where feasible) to mitigate exposure to a single hub schedule or single carrier. - From a policy and reform viewpoint, priority areas that would materially ease freight forwarder pain include: - Ensuring **ICUMS uptime and contingency protocols** (e.g., fall‑back manual processes with clear rules); - Continued **streamlining of documentary requirements** and better integration between customs and agencies like DVLA; - Investments in **road/rail connectivity** to and from Tema to reduce truck turnaround times. ([thechronicle.com.gh](https://thechronicle.com.gh/persistent-icums-network-disruptions-slowing-port-business-freight-forwarders/?utm_source=openai)) Sources for this section: ([thechronicle.com.gh](https://thechronicle.com.gh/persistent-icums-network-disruptions-slowing-port-business-freight-forwarders/?utm_source=openai))